Surveying instrument with drawing device



June 7, 1927.-

1,631,891 M. SANDER v SURVEYING INSTRUMENT WITH DRAWING DEVICE Filed May7, 1925 a s eets-sheet 1 June 7, 1927. 1,631,891

M. SANDER SURVEYING INSTRUMENT WITH DRAWING DEVICE flllay '2, 19 ssheets sheet 2 55 H"mm I W W 1m 1,1927 1 v M. SANDER SURVEYINGINSTRUMENT WITH DRAWING DEVICE Fil'ed May 7, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 3Patented June 7, 1927.

n sTATELS MART sannnn, or H gsAL, ns rnomm SURVEYING INSTRUMFI'TT WI THDRAWING DEVICE.

Application filed May 7, 1925, Serial No. 28,5992 and inGermeny March31, 1923.

My invention relates to a surveying instrument, on the'plotting table ofwhich the distances ascertained during the work are reproduced on asmaller scale. v

Surveying instrumentsare already known by which the distances obtainedby a distance measuring instrument for instance a tachymeter-'telescopewith or without giv ing the squarecoordinates are reproduced on theplotting table. Also it has already been proposed to combine a movabledrawing device with a telescope by means of a horizontal screw so thatthe screw follows the telescope andthat the drawing pencil will followthe distance measuring part, distance" being transferred to thescale of drawing.

V The'object of my invention is to provide an improvement in suchinstruments to make it possible by means of the same to draw in theconnection lines between the points of reference and to reoor'l theangles of these connection lines not'only to'one another'but also'to afixed direction for instance to the north-south direction. This isaccomplished mainly by introducing ase'con d screw device and a secondhorizontal segment 'be tween the drawing device and the main screwdevice; which ismovable in the line of sight together with theobjective, which in turn is providedwith a horizontal pro tractorsystem. i i

A further object of my invention is to so improve such a surveyinginstrument as to enable the right-angle coordinates of the severalpoints of reference to be instantly recorder. i f

In the accompanying drawings I have selected an illustrative embodimentof. my in vention asan example of reducing the same to practice:

In-said drawings:

Figure l is a front elevation of the new instrument partly in crosssection" on the 1 line CD Figure 2; Figure 2 is a plan partly section ofthe part situated below the line Alf-B Figure 1; Fig ure 3 is'a detailsection ot' theplotting tableg Figure l is detail plan showing rules foradjusting the plotting table the ,ve rniers appertaining 't'heretmFigure 5 is a "horizontal cross section through the upper" screw deviceand its bearing and the

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view of the connection between the lowersegment rule and the upper part of the instrument plane indicated by theline EF of Figure 7 Figure 7 is a sectional view on the line KL Figure 6through the lower screw de-' Vice and the lower segment rules;

Figure 8 1s a sectlonal view on the line MN Figure 7';

Figure 9-is a detail of'the connectionbe- 7 tween both screw devices asseen "from below; Figure 10 1s a vertical cross section through theplottlng table;

Figure 11 is a detail sectional view 01 the drawing pencil; Figure 12 isa schematic View in plan an example of using the instrument;

Figure'l is a schematic view'in plan of the instrument for surveying..The instrument (Figure 1) consists of the following parts arranged oneabove the other: a base, plate 44:, a bearing for the plotting table 38,a drawing pencil or stylus 46, a device forrecording coordinates ottheseveral points of reference, the latter mounted in the frame 30, a lowerprotractor system 17 20, 21, one lower and one upper screw device 25 and11, an upper protractor system 1+3 and a telescope 70 referably designedas a tachymeter-telescope.

' The upper protractor system in the 'em bodiment shown as an exampleconsists of three circular discs 1-3 arranged one over the other.Theupper disc 1 is fixedly con nected to the telescope and carries aVernier. It is'rotatably fixed in the hollow center of the middle disc 2and the lower end o't its center pin is, by means of a screw 9 connected to the part 8 of the upper screw device.

The middle and the lower discs 2 and 3 are built as segment rules. Thedisc 2 is rotatably mounted in a central hole of the disc 3, which inturn is fixedly connected to the part 5 of the frame 6. The disc 8'thusforms the fixed rule. By means of a spanning device 7 the His of therotatable rule disc 2 may be fixed to the axis of thedisc l in such away that the rule disc 2 follows the moveframe 6. This screw deviceconsists of two slides 10, a screw 11, carried at its ends by bearings13, and the nut 12. The nut 12 carries a vernierv 15 (Figures Land 6)which is movable along a rule 16 fixed on the bearings 13. Fixed on thisrule 16 there is a connecting part 8, connected to the rule disc 1 andby means of screws (Figure 6) connected tovthe slides 10. v

The lower screw device (Figure 1) consists of a screw 25, having a freepassage through the end walls of a frame-like slide 24 and being movablesideways to the nut 27 (Figures 2 and This nut 27 on its upper part isdesigned as a pivot which is inserted into the lower part of the screwnut 12 of the upper screw device by means of an intermediary spanningdevice which may be loosened by the screw 60 (Figure 9). If the screws60 and 28 are fastened, the nut 2'7 and thus the whole lower screwdevice 24, 25 must follow the rotary movement of the rule disc 1 and theupper screw device 10-16. The lower screw 25 is carried in a bearingcube 26 (Figures '7 and 8) which by a screw 28 and a spanner device(Figure 8) may be fixedly spanned in the slide 24. If the screw 28 isfixed the slide 24 moves relatively to the nut 27 when the screw 25 isturned. The nut 27 on its upper part is formed with a pivot and carriesa vernier 23, movable with respect to the rule 22 attached to the slide24.

The slide 24 of the lower screw device is fixedly connected to the upperrotatable rule disc 21 of the lower protractor system 17, 20, 21. Theconstruction of this system consists of the rule discs 17, 20. and 21and in its main parts corresponds to the upper protractor system 13. Therotatable disc 21 is also equipped with a vernier 21 The middle disc 20forming the rotatable rule may be connected to the upper disc 21 bymeans of the spanner 42. The fixed rule 17 of the lower protractorsystem is however mounted in one of the frames 19 of a cross slidedevice 18,.19 (Figure 2) in such a way, that it may change itsplace onthe plotting table but will not be able to rotate.

These cross slide frames 18 and 19 at their ends carry verniers 55, 5556, 56 sliding along the coordinate rulers 32, 32 33, 33 and adapted tobe fixed to them by the spanning device 57, 57 These coordinate rulersby means of verniers 53, 53 54, 54 and the rule 31 are exactlyadjustable to their bearing frame attached to the frame 6, and

'may be fixed in position by means of spanning devices, screws or thelike 58, 58 59, 59

On the center 1'? is attached the holder of the drawing pencil 46(Figure 11).

The plotting table 38 (Figures 1, 3, 4 and 10) is mounted in crossslides 35, 37 (Figures 3, 10) and may be adjusted to its circular bed 34by means of screws 36, 39. For the exact control of its positionverniers 41, 41 50, 50 and rules 40, 49, 49 are provided.

This bed 34 which also carries the frame 6 of the device described is bymeans of a ball bearing (Figure 1) easily rotatable to the main baseplate 44 and may be fixed to latter by spanning device 48, 43.

The main base plate44, by known means, for instance as shown in Figurel'by' means pf screw and nut, is fixed to a tripod or the The surveyingwith the instrument described is carried out as follows:

The instrument is placed in position at the point 0 (Figure 13) thecoordinates of which are known and from where the area to be surveyedaZ1ccZ--e (Figure 12) or abcdef (Figure 13) may be observed. 7

After having placed the instrument with its base plate 44 on the tripodand having exactly adjusted it horizontally the rotatable rules 1 and 21and the rules 2 and 20 as well as the verniers 15 and 23 of the twoscrew devices are brought to Zero, and the coordinate rulers 32, 32 33,33 are so adjusted that by means of the verniers 55, 55 56, 56

the known coordinates of the objective 0 are read on said coordinaterulers.

Now the whole instrument of the bed plate 34 is turned in that way thatthe zero point of the non-rotatable rules 3 and 17 of the two protractorsystems are pointing exactly to bed plate 34 and the vernier 41 mountedon the edge of the frame 37 in the direction of Abzises in that way thatthe point where the drawing pencil 46 touches the drawing paperbothscrew devices being adjusted to zeroexactly corresponds to the knowncoordinates of the erecting point 0 (Figure 13) of the instrument.

. If the area shown in Figure 11 by points v of reference abcd ef'is tobe sur veyed, the telescope and with it the rule disc 1 and the slides10 are directed against the point of reference a. Because the disc 2 is'hereby connected with the disc 1 it is possible on the fixed rule3 tonow read the angle the lineO-a makes to the north-south direction. Thenthe distance of point a from the point 0 is ascertained for instance byusing the tachymeter threads of the telescope in "connection with aspaced stadia' rod placed at point a, and, bythe screw 11,the nut 12 ismoved untilthe distance Oai'is exactly'given on the rule116 and thevernier 15. If so described the line O-ci by said movement may be drawnin uponthe drawing table 38, by previously loosening'the spanning screws57, 57 of the'coordinate recording device igure'2) by fastening thespanning screws 28 and 60 (Figure 7) of-the lower slide device and byturning the screw until zero of the rule 22 comes opposite to zero ofthe vernieri23. I

'The central axis of the lower protractor system 17, 20,21 now standsexaotlyabove thepoint on the drawing paper chosen cor responding tothe'point of reference a.

At this movement the frames 18 and 19 (Figure 2) of the coordinaterecording device are also moved so, that by means of the verniers and 56it is possible on the rules 51, 52 of the coordinate rulers 32, 33 toread the coordinates of the point a. The screws 57, 57 are now fastenedand the screws 28 and are loosened. The zero point of the I'BVOlViHg'rule still corresponds to the zero point of the Vernier on rule 21because the rule 20 is fastened by screw 42. If then the telescope isdirected toward the point of reference b and the measured distance ofthis point from the instrument O by the screw 11 and the vernier 15 isregistered on the rule 16, the lower protractor system 17, 20, 21 andthe drawing pencil 46 remain unaltered because the lower nut 27 is notinfluenced by the revolving of the nut 12 and the drawing pencil 46 iskept in position by the cross slide device 18, 19. i

The slide 24 is now adjusted to that direction in which the points a andb are situated.

The slide 24 not being fixed to the bearing cube 26 it will beautomatically moved relative to the Vernier 23 such a distance as tocorrespond in the scale of drawing with the distance ab, it being thuspossible to make a reading of this distance. The revolving rule 2 of theupper protractor system not having followed the movement of the ruledisc 1 the angle aOb may be read. By turning the rule 2 with the Vernierof the rule 1 to zero the angle between the direction Ob and thenorth-south direction may be read.

Now the screws 28 and 60 are fastened and the screws 57 and 57 areloosened. By adjusting the slide 24 to zero by means of the screw 25 andthe Vernier 23 the axis of retation of the lower protractor disc systemand the drawing pencil 46 will be moved to a point on the drawing table,which corresponds to the point of reference I) in the area to besurveyed, the coordinates of which may now be read on the rules 51. 51,52, 52 and the line ab will be drawn on the drawing paper. The angle ,8of the line a?; tothe north-south direction (Figure 13) may now be readon the disc rule '17 as compared with disc rule '21 of the lowerprotractorsystem. 1 I H F or drawing in further points of reference c,d, 6,7 the manipulation is cone 7 a lower member 3 fixedly mounted onsaid base, an intermediate member 2 revoluble on said lower member andan upper member 1 revoluble on said intermediate member and arranged tocarry ateleseope, means 4 to secure member 2 to the member 1 to causesaid member 2 to turn with member 1 and also with the telescope; a fixedring 14 mounted on the base below the upper protractor system, a frame10, 13 mounted to turn in the ring, a screw 11 mounted for rotation inthe frame, a traveling nut 12 engaged by said screw andhaving a Verniercoacting with a rule with which said frame is provided, a connectingelement 8 slidable on said frame and to which the center of the upperprotractor member 1 is pivotally connected (9) a bed 34 revoluble on thebase and provided with rulers 40, 40 49, 49 arranged at right angles toone another, a plotting table 38 mounted for lateral movement on the bedin either of two directions at right angles to each other and providedwith verniers to coact with said rulers, means 36, 39 to adjust theplotting table; a rectangular angular bearing frame 30 mounted on-thebase (58 59 cross slides 18, 19 at right angles to each other mountedfor movement on the bearing frame 30 and provided with verniers 55, 5556, 56 coordinate rulers 32, 32 33, 33 on which said verniers areslidable, said rulers being adjustable on the bearing frame and beingprovided with means whereby they may be secured when adjusted; a lowerprotractor system comprising a lower member 17 provided at the centerwith a stylus and mounted against rotation and for movement in saidcross slides to correspondingly move the stylus on the plotting table,an intermediate member 20 mounted for movement on said lower member, andan upper member 21 mounted for rotation on said inter-' mediate member;a slide 24 fixed to and extending across the center of said uppermemher, a screw 25 arranged longitudinally in and disengaged from saidslide, a nut 2'? movable longitudinally in said slide, engaged by saidscrew and pivotally connected to the aforesaid traveling nut 12, meansto lock said traveling nut and said nut 27 together, a second nut 26movablein said slide and engaged by said screw, and means to secure saidsecond nut to said slide to enable saidnut 27 to be adjustedloi'igitudinally or" theslide by said screw 25.

2. A surveying instrument comprising a base, a plotting table mountedfor movement on the base in any direction in a horizontal plane, anupper protractor system including a fixed member, a telescope carryingmemher and an intermediate member, said last two members beingrevoluble, a lower protractor system including :a lower' member providedwith a stylus to operate on the plotting table 'andrevoluble upper andintermediate members, mounting means for said lower member of the lowerprotractor system enabling said protractor system to be moved in ahorizontal plane in either of two directions at right angles to eachother,

means connecting'said upper and lower protractor systems for independentoperation and means coacting with a member of said connecting means toshiftthe lower protractor system laterally with respectto the upperprotractor system and means to-de-' termine the position 01 said lowerpro-tractor system, v I

MART SANDER.

